This striking miniature painting depicts a vivid scene from Naraka, the Hindu realm of punishment. Ferocious demons with animalistic features—boar snouts, lion faces, and grotesque smiles—are shown tormenting human souls for their earthly misdeeds. One sinner is impaled on a stake, while others face beatings and mutilation.
Executed in a folk art style, possibly influenced by Pattachitra or Kalighat traditions, the painting uses bold lines, vibrant colors, and exaggerated expressions to dramatize the theme of karmic justice. Such artworks were often used to educate and warn devotees about the consequences of immoral actions, merging spiritual instruction with visual storytelling.

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